![]() The SDPs mainly comprised major public referral hospitals treating CRC. In our study, there were 34 participating centres including at least one representative hospital from each of the 14 states of Malaysia. Source data providers (SDPs) represent different regions of Malaysia, i.e., the peninsular (north, central, south, and east coasts), and East Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak). ![]() The NCPR-CC is a national clinical database that aims to systematically collect data on important aspects of CRC relevant to its prevention and treatment to enable healthcare planning, implementation and evaluation in a defined population in Malaysia. This study utilised secondary data from the National Cancer Patient Registry-Colorectal Cancer (NCPR-CC). To our knowledge, this is the first study in Malaysia that estimates the incidence and mortality rate for CRC patients by sex and ethnicity. These three major ethnicities in Malaysia are the focus of our study. Meanwhile, “Indian” in Malaysian context is defined as an individual whom descendants were originally India Muslim/Malabari, Malayali, Punjabi, Sikh, Sinhala, Tamil India, Tamil Sri Lanka, Telugu, and other Indians. “Chinese” is defined as an individual of Chinese origin, who in Malaysia is comprised of Hokkien, Kantonis, Hakka, Hainan, Foochiew, Kwongsai, Teochew, Henghua, Hokchia, and other Chinese. According to Article 160, of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia, “Malay” is defined as an individual who professes the religion of Islam, habitually speaks the Malay language and conforms to Malay custom. Malaysia is a country with diverse ethnic groups and cultural systems with a population of more than 28 million, including three major groups. For example, CRC incidence and mortality rates in the US were found to be higher among Black Americans (66.90 per 100,000) compared to White Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and Indians. Ethnic background has been postulated to influence the risk of CRC. The incidence of CRC was found to be increasing among Japanese people, particularly in males and an increase in the incidence of CRC was also observed in Hong Kong from 1983 until 2006. Studies in East Asians in Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore have investigated the incidence of CRC. In Malaysia, the National Cancer Registry Report of 2007 found CRC to be the second most common cancer. Asian countries are not excluded from the rise in CRC during the past 20 years and the disease has become a major health concern. In 2014, 136,830 individuals were projected to be newly diagnosed with CRC, with a mortality projection of 50,310 in the US alone. Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become the third most common cancer globally and has been considered as one of the leading causes of death, particularly in Western countries. ![]()
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